Original Research
Added sugars drive chronic kidney disease and its consequences: A comprehensive review
Journal of Insulin Resistance | Vol 1, No 1 | a3 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jir.v1i1.3
| © 2016 James J. DiNicolantonio, Jaikrit Bhutani, James H. O'Keefe
| This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 25 February 2016 | Published: 24 June 2016
Submitted: 25 February 2016 | Published: 24 June 2016
About the author(s)
James J. DiNicolantonio, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, United StatesJaikrit Bhutani, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
James H. O'Keefe, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Abstract
The consumption of added sugars (e.g. sucrose [table sugar] and high-fructose corn syrup) over the last 200 years has increased exponentially and parallels the increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data for animals and humans suggest that the consumption of added sugars leads to kidney damage and related metabolic derangements that increase cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the consumption of added sugars has been found to induce insulin resistance and increase uric acid in humans, both of which increase the conversion of glucose to fructose (i.e. fructogenesis) via the polyol pathway. The polyol pathway has recently been implicated in the contribution and progression of kidney damage, suggesting that even glucose can be toxic to the kidney via its endogenous transformation into fructose in the proximal tubule. Consuming added fructose has been shown to induce insulin resistance, which can lead to hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the immune system, all of which can synergistically contribute to kidney damage. CKD guidelines should stress a reduction in the consumption of added sugars as a means to prevent and treat CKD as well as reduce CKD–related morbidity and mortality.
Keywords
chronic kidney disease; diabetes; fructose; high-fructose corn syrup; sucrose; sugar
Metrics
Total abstract views: 6548Total article views: 20200
Crossref Citations
1. Perceived Associations between Excessive Sugar Intake and Health Conditions
Marília Prada, Magda Saraiva, Margarida V. Garrido, Ana Sério, Ana Teixeira, Diniz Lopes, Diana A. Silva, David L. Rodrigues
Nutrients vol: 14 issue: 3 first page: 640 year: 2022
doi: 10.3390/nu14030640